All Druid SQL functions
Apache Druid supports two query languages: Druid SQL and native queries. This document describes the SQL language.
This page provides a reference of all Druid SQL functions in alphabetical order. Click the linked function type for documentation on a particular function.
ABS
ABS(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the absolute value of a numeric expression.
ACOS
ACOS(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the arc cosine of a numeric expression.
ANY_VALUE
ANY_VALUE(expr, [maxBytesPerValue, [aggregateMultipleValues]])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns any value of the specified expression.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Counts distinct values of a regular column or a prebuilt sketch column.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_BUILTIN(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Counts distinct values of a string, numeric, or hyperUnique column using Druid's built-in cardinality or hyperUnique aggregators.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(expr, [<NUMERIC>, <CHARACTER>])
Function type: Aggregation
Counts distinct values of an HLL sketch column or a regular column.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_THETA
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_THETA(expr, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Counts distinct values of a Theta sketch column or a regular column.
APPROX_QUANTILE
APPROX_QUANTILE(expr, <NUMERIC>, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Deprecated in favor of APPROX_QUANTILE_DS.
APPROX_QUANTILE_DS
APPROX_QUANTILE_DS(expr, <NUMERIC>, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Computes approximate quantiles on a Quantiles sketch column or a regular numeric column.
APPROX_QUANTILE_FIXED_BUCKETS
APPROX_QUANTILE_FIXED_BUCKETS(expr, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Aggregation
Computes approximate quantiles on fixed buckets histogram column or a regular numeric column.
ARRAY[]
ARRAY[expr1, expr2, ...]
Function type: Array
Constructs a SQL ARRAY literal from the expression arguments. The arguments must be of the same type.
ARRAY_AGG
ARRAY_AGG([DISTINCT] expr, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns an array of all values of the specified expression.
ARRAY_APPEND
ARRAY_APPEND(arr1, expr)
Function type: Array
Appends expr to arr, the resulting array type determined by the type of arr1.
ARRAY_CONCAT
ARRAY_CONCAT(arr1, arr2)
Function type: Array
Concatenates arr2 to arr1. The resulting array type is determined by the type of arr1.|
ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG
ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG([DISTINCT] expr, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Concatenates array inputs into a single array.
ARRAY_CONTAINS
ARRAY_CONTAINS(arr, expr)
Function type: Array
If expr is a scalar type, returns true if arr contains expr. If expr is an array, returns 1 if arr contains all elements of expr. Otherwise returns false.
ARRAY_LENGTH
ARRAY_LENGTH(arr)
Function type: Array
Returns length of the array expression.
ARRAY_OFFSET
ARRAY_OFFSET(arr, long)
Function type: Array
Returns the array element at the 0-based index supplied, or null for an out of range index.
ARRAY_OFFSET_OF
ARRAY_OFFSET_OF(arr, expr)
Function type: Array
Returns the 0-based index of the first occurrence of expr in the array. If no matching elements exist in the array, returns null or -1 if druid.generic.useDefaultValueForNull=true (deprecated legacy mode).
ARRAY_ORDINAL
Function type: Array
ARRAY_ORDINAL(arr, long)
Returns the array element at the 1-based index supplied, or null for an out of range index.
ARRAY_ORDINAL_OF
ARRAY_ORDINAL_OF(arr, expr)
Function type: Array
Returns the 1-based index of the first occurrence of expr in the array. If no matching elements exist in the array, returns null or -1 if druid.generic.useDefaultValueForNull=true (deprecated legacy mode).
ARRAY_OVERLAP
ARRAY_OVERLAP(arr1, arr2)
Function type: Array
Returns true if arr1 and arr2 have any elements in common, else false.
SCALAR_IN_ARRAY
SCALAR_IN_ARRAY(expr, arr)
Function type: Array
Returns true if the scalar expr is present in arr. Otherwise, returns false if the scalar expr is non-null or
UNKNOWN if the scalar expr is NULL.
Returns UNKNOWN if arr is NULL.
ARRAY_PREPEND
ARRAY_PREPEND(expr, arr)
Function type: Array
Prepends expr to arr at the beginning, the resulting array type determined by the type of arr.
ARRAY_SLICE
ARRAY_SLICE(arr, start, end)
Function type: Array
Returns the subarray of arr from the 0-based index start (inclusive) to end (exclusive). Returns null, if start is less than 0, greater than length of arr, or greater than end.
ARRAY_TO_MV
ARRAY_TO_MV(arr)
Function type: Array
Converts an ARRAY of any type into a multi-value string VARCHAR.
ARRAY_TO_STRING
ARRAY_TO_STRING(arr, str)
Function type: Array
Joins all elements of arr by the delimiter specified by str.
ASIN
ASIN(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the arc sine of a numeric expression.
ATAN
ATAN(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the arc tangent of a numeric expression.
ATAN2
ATAN2(<NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the arc tangent of the two arguments.
AVG
AVG(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the average of a set of values.
BIT_AND
BIT_AND(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Performs a bitwise AND operation on all input values.
BIT_OR
BIT_OR(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Performs a bitwise OR operation on all input values.
BIT_XOR
BIT_XOR(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Performs a bitwise XOR operation on all input values.
BITWISE_AND
BITWISE_AND(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the bitwise AND between the two expressions, that is, expr1 & expr2.
BITWISE_COMPLEMENT
BITWISE_COMPLEMENT(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the bitwise NOT for the expression, that is, ~expr.
BITWISE_CONVERT_DOUBLE_TO_LONG_BITS
BITWISE_CONVERT_DOUBLE_TO_LONG_BITS(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts the bits of an IEEE 754 floating-point double value to a long.
BITWISE_CONVERT_LONG_BITS_TO_DOUBLE
BITWISE_CONVERT_LONG_BITS_TO_DOUBLE(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts a long to the IEEE 754 floating-point double specified by the bits stored in the long.
BITWISE_OR
BITWISE_OR(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the bitwise OR between the two expressions, that is, expr1 | expr2.
BITWISE_SHIFT_LEFT
BITWISE_SHIFT_LEFT(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns a bitwise left shift of expr1, that is, expr1 << expr2.
BITWISE_SHIFT_RIGHT
BITWISE_SHIFT_RIGHT(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns a bitwise right shift of expr1, that is, expr1 >> expr2.
BITWISE_XOR
BITWISE_XOR(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the bitwise exclusive OR between the two expressions, that is, expr1 ^ expr2.
BLOOM_FILTER
BLOOM_FILTER(expr, <NUMERIC>)
Function type: Aggregation
Computes a Bloom filter from values produced by the specified expression.
BLOOM_FILTER_TEST
BLOOM_FILTER_TEST(expr, <STRING>)
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns true if the expression is contained in a Base64-serialized Bloom filter.
BTRIM
BTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Trims characters from both the leading and trailing ends of an expression.
CASE
CASE expr WHEN value1 THEN result1 \[ WHEN value2 THEN result2 ... \] \[ ELSE resultN \] END
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns a result based on a given condition.
CAST
CAST(value AS TYPE)
Function type: Scalar, other
Converts a value into the specified data type.
CEIL (date and time)
CEIL(<TIMESTAMP> TO <TIME_UNIT>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds up a timestamp by a given time unit.
CEIL (numeric)
CEIL(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the smallest integer value greater than or equal to the numeric expression.
CHAR_LENGTH
CHAR_LENGTH(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Alias for LENGTH.
CHARACTER_LENGTH
CHARACTER_LENGTH(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Alias for LENGTH.
COALESCE
COALESCE(expr, expr, ...)
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns the first non-null value.
CONCAT
CONCAT(expr, expr...)
Function type: Scalar, string
Concatenates a list of expressions.
CONTAINS_STRING
CONTAINS_STRING(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Finds whether a string is in a given expression, case-sensitive.
COS
COS(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the trigonometric cosine of an angle expressed in radians.
COT
COT(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the trigonometric cotangent of an angle expressed in radians.
COUNT
COUNT([DISTINCT] expr)
COUNT(*)
Function type: Aggregation
Counts the number of rows.
CUME_DIST
CUME_DIST()
Function type: Window
Returns the cumulative distribution of the current row within the window calculated as number of window rows at the same rank or higher than current row / total window rows. The return value ranges between 1/number of rows and 1.
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_DATE
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Returns the current date in the connection's time zone.
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Returns the current timestamp in the connection's time zone.
DATE_TRUNC
DATE_TRUNC(<CHARACTER>, <TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds down a timestamp by a given time unit.
DECODE_BASE64_COMPLEX
DECODE_BASE64_COMPLEX(dataType, expr)
Function type: Scalar, other
Decodes a Base64-encoded string into a complex data type, where dataType is the complex data type and expr is the Base64-encoded string to decode.
DECODE_BASE64_UTF8
DECODE_BASE64_UTF8(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Decodes a Base64-encoded string into a UTF-8 encoded string.
DEGREES
DEGREES(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts an angle from radians to degrees.
DENSE_RANK
DENSE_RANK()
Function type: Window
Returns the rank for a row within a window without gaps. For example, if two rows tie for a rank of 1, the subsequent row is ranked 2.
DIV
DIV(x, y)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the result of integer division of x by y.
The DIV function is not implemented in Druid versions 30.0.0 or earlier. Consider using SAFE_DIVIDE instead.
DS_CDF
DS_CDF(expr, splitPoint0, splitPoint1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a string representing an approximation to the Cumulative Distribution Function given the specified bin definition.
DS_GET_QUANTILE
DS_GET_QUANTILE(expr, fraction)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the quantile estimate corresponding to fraction from a quantiles sketch.
DS_GET_QUANTILES
DS_GET_QUANTILES(expr, fraction0, fraction1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a string representing an array of quantile estimates corresponding to a list of fractions from a quantiles sketch.
DS_HISTOGRAM
DS_HISTOGRAM(expr, splitPoint0, splitPoint1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a string representing an approximation to the histogram given the specified bin definition.
DS_HLL
DS_HLL(expr, [lgK, tgtHllType])
Function type: Aggregation
Creates an HLL sketch on a column containing HLL sketches or a regular column.
DS_QUANTILE_SUMMARY
DS_QUANTILE_SUMMARY(expr)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a string summary of a quantiles sketch.
DS_QUANTILES_SKETCH
DS_QUANTILES_SKETCH(expr, [k])
Function type: Aggregation
Creates a Quantiles sketch on a column containing Quantiles sketches or a regular column.
DS_RANK
DS_RANK(expr, value)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns an approximate rank between 0 and 1 of a given value, in which the rank signifies the fraction of the distribution less than the given value.
DS_THETA
DS_THETA(expr, [size])
Function type: Aggregation
Creates a Theta sketch on a column containing Theta sketches or a regular column.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES(expr, [nominalEntries])
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES(dimensionColumnExpr, metricColumnExpr, ..., [nominalEntries])
Function type: Aggregation
Creates a Tuple sketch which contains an array of double values as the Summary Object. If the last value of the array is a numeric literal, Druid assumes that the value is an override parameter for nominal entries.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_INTERSECT
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_INTERSECT(expr, ..., [nominalEntries])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns an intersection of Tuple sketches which each contain an array of double values as their Summary Objects. The values contained in the Summary Objects are summed when combined. If the last value of the array is a numeric literal, Druid assumes that the value is an override parameter for nominal entries.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_METRICS_SUM_ESTIMATE
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_METRICS_SUM_ESTIMATE(expr)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Computes approximate sums of the values contained within a Tuple sketch which contains an array of double values as the Summary Object.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_NOT
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_NOT(expr, ..., [nominalEntries])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a set difference of Tuple sketches which each contain an array of double values as their Summary Objects. The values contained in the Summary Object are preserved as is. If the last value of the array is a numeric literal, Druid assumes that the value is an override parameter for nominal entries.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_UNION
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_UNION(expr, ..., [nominalEntries])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a union of Tuple sketches which each contain an array of double values as their Summary Objects. The values contained in the Summary Objects are summed when combined. If the last value of the array is a numeric literal, Druid assumes that the value is an override parameter for nominal entries.
EARLIEST
EARLIEST(expr, [maxBytesPerValue])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the earliest __time value.
EARLIEST_BY
EARLIEST_BY(expr, timestampExpr, [maxBytesPerValue])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the earliest time value from timestampExpr.
EXP
EXP(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates e raised to the power of the numeric expression.
EXTRACT
EXTRACT(<TIME_UNIT> FROM <TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Extracts the value of some unit of the timestamp, optionally from a certain time zone, and returns the number.
FIRST_VALUE
FIRST_VALUE(expr)
Function type: Window
Returns the value evaluated for the expression for the first row within the window.
FLOOR (date and time)
FLOOR(<TIMESTAMP> TO <TIME_UNIT>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds down a timestamp by a given time unit.
FLOOR (numeric)
FLOOR(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the largest integer value less than or equal to the numeric expression.
GREATEST
GREATEST([expr1, ...])
Function type: Scalar, reduction
Returns the maximum value from the provided arguments.
GROUPING
GROUPING(expr, expr...)
Function type: Aggregation
Returns a number for each output row of a groupBy query, indicating whether the specified dimension is included for that row.
HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE
HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE(expr, [round])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the distinct count estimate from an HLL sketch.
HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS
HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS(expr, [numStdDev])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the distinct count estimate and error bounds from an HLL sketch.
HLL_SKETCH_TO_STRING
HLL_SKETCH_TO_STRING(expr)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a human-readable string representation of an HLL sketch.
HLL_SKETCH_UNION
HLL_SKETCH_UNION([lgK, tgtHllType], expr0, expr1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a union of HLL sketches.
HUMAN_READABLE_BINARY_BYTE_FORMAT
HUMAN_READABLE_BINARY_BYTE_FORMAT(value[, precision])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts an integer byte size into human-readable IEC format.
HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_BYTE_FORMAT
HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_BYTE_FORMAT(value[, precision])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts a byte size into human-readable SI format.
HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_FORMAT
HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_FORMAT(value[, precision])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts a byte size into human-readable SI format with single-character units.
ICONTAINS_STRING
ICONTAINS_STRING(<expr>, str)
Function type: Scalar, string
Finds whether a string is in a given expression, case-insensitive.
IPV4_MATCH
IPV4_MATCH(address, subnet)
Function type: Scalar, IP address
Returns true if the IPv4 address belongs to the subnet literal, else false.
IPV4_PARSE
IPV4_PARSE(address)
Function type: Scalar, IP address
Parses address into an IPv4 address stored as an integer.
IPV4_STRINGIFY
IPV4_STRINGIFY(address)
Function type: Scalar, IP address
Converts address into an IPv4 address in dot-decimal notation.
IPV6_MATCH
IPV6_MATCH(address, subnet)
Function type: Scalar, IP address
Returns true if the IPv6 address belongs to the subnet literal, else false.
JSON_KEYS
Function type: JSON
JSON_KEYS(expr, path)
Returns an array of field names from expr at the specified path.
JSON_OBJECT
Function type: JSON
JSON_OBJECT(KEY expr1 VALUE expr2[, KEY expr3 VALUE expr4, ...])
Constructs a new COMPLEX<json> object. The KEY expressions must evaluate to string types. The VALUE expressions can be composed of any input type, including other COMPLEX<json> values. JSON_OBJECT can accept colon-separated key-value pairs. The following syntax is equivalent: JSON_OBJECT(expr1:expr2[, expr3:expr4, ...]).
JSON_PATHS
Function type: JSON
JSON_PATHS(expr)
Returns an array of all paths which refer to literal values in expr in JSONPath format.
JSON_QUERY
Function type: JSON
JSON_QUERY(expr, path)
Extracts a COMPLEX<json> value from expr, at the specified path.
JSON_QUERY_ARRAY
Function type: JSON
JSON_QUERY_ARRAY(expr, path)
Extracts an ARRAY<COMPLEX<json>> value from expr at the specified path. If value is not an ARRAY, it gets translated into a single element ARRAY containing the value at path. The primary use of this function is to extract arrays of objects to use as inputs to other array functions.
JSON_VALUE
Function type: JSON
JSON_VALUE(expr, path [RETURNING sqlType])
Extracts a literal value from expr at the specified path. If you specify RETURNING and an SQL type name (such as VARCHAR, BIGINT, DOUBLE, etc) the function plans the query using the suggested type. Otherwise, it attempts to infer the type based on the context. If it can't infer the type, it defaults to VARCHAR.
LAG
LAG(expr[, offset])
Function type: Window
If you do not supply an offset, returns the value evaluated at the row preceding the current row. Specify an offset number n to return the value evaluated at n rows preceding the current one.
LAST_VALUE
LAST_VALUE(expr)
Function type: Window
Returns the value evaluated for the expression for the last row within the window.
LATEST
LATEST(expr, [maxBytesPerValue])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the latest __time value.
LATEST_BY
LATEST_BY(expr, timestampExpr, [maxBytesPerValue])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the latest time value from timestampExpr.
LEAD
LEAD(expr[, offset])
Function type: Window
If you do not supply an offset, returns the value evaluated at the row following the current row. Specify an offset number n to return the value evaluated at n rows following the current one; if there is no such row, returns the given default value.
LEAST
LEAST([expr1, ...])
Function type: Scalar, reduction
Returns the minimum value from the provided arguments.
LEFT
LEFT(expr, [length])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the leftmost number of characters from an expression.
LENGTH
LENGTH(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the length of the expression in UTF-16 encoding.
LN
LN(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the natural logarithm of the numeric expression.
LOG10
LOG10(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the base-10 of the numeric expression.
LOOKUP
LOOKUP(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>[, <CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Looks up the expression in a registered query-time lookup table.
LOWER
LOWER(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the expression in lowercase.
LPAD
LPAD(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the leftmost number of characters from an expression, optionally padded with the given characters.
LTRIM
LTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Trims characters from the leading end of an expression.
MAX
MAX(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the maximum value of a set of values.
MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP
MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP(millis_expr)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Converts a number of milliseconds since epoch into a timestamp.
MIN
MIN(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the minimum value of a set of values.
MOD
MOD(x, y)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates x modulo y, or the remainder of x divided by y.
MV_APPEND
MV_APPEND(arr1, expr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Adds the expression to the end of the array.
MV_CONCAT
MV_CONCAT(arr1, arr2)
Function type: Multi-value string
Concatenates two arrays.
MV_CONTAINS
MV_CONTAINS(arr, expr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns true if the expression is in the array, false otherwise.
MV_FILTER_NONE
MV_FILTER_NONE(expr, arr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Filters a multi-value expression to include no values contained in the array.
MV_FILTER_ONLY
MV_FILTER_ONLY(expr, arr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Filters a multi-value expression to include only values contained in the array.
MV_LENGTH
MV_LENGTH(arr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the length of an array expression.
MV_OFFSET
MV_OFFSET(arr, long)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the array element at the given zero-based index.
MV_OFFSET_OF
MV_OFFSET_OF(arr, expr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of a given expression in the array.
MV_ORDINAL
MV_ORDINAL(arr, long)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the array element at the given one-based index.
MV_ORDINAL_OF
MV_ORDINAL_OF(arr, expr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the one-based index of the first occurrence of a given expression.
MV_OVERLAP
MV_OVERLAP(arr1, arr2)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns true if the two arrays have any elements in common, false otherwise.
MV_PREPEND
MV_PREPEND(expr, arr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Adds the expression to the beginning of the array.
MV_SLICE
MV_SLICE(arr, start, end)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns a slice of the array from the zero-based start and end indexes.
MV_TO_ARRAY
MV_TO_ARRAY(str)
Function type: Multi-value string
Converts a multi-value string from a VARCHAR to a VARCHAR ARRAY.
MV_TO_STRING
MV_TO_STRING(arr, str)
Function type: Multi-value string
Joins all elements of the array together by the given delimiter.
NTILE
NTILE(tiles)
Function type: Window
Divides the rows within a window as evenly as possible into the number of tiles, also called buckets, and returns the value of the tile that the row falls into.
NULLIF
NULLIF(value1, value2)
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns NULL if two values are equal, else returns the first value.
NVL
NVL(e1, e2)
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns e2 if e1 is null, else returns e1.
PARSE_JSON
Function type: JSON
PARSE_JSON(expr)
Parses expr into a COMPLEX<json> object. This operator deserializes JSON values when processing them, translating stringified JSON into a nested structure. If the input is not a VARCHAR or it is invalid JSON, this function will result in an error.
PARSE_LONG
PARSE_LONG(<CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Converts a string into a BIGINT with the given base or into a DECIMAL data type if the base is not specified.
PERCENT_RANK
PERCENT_RANK()
Function type: Window
Returns the relative rank of the row calculated as a percentage according to the formula: RANK() OVER (window) / COUNT(1) OVER (window).
POSITION
POSITION(<CHARACTER> IN <CHARACTER> [FROM <INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the one-based index position of a substring within an expression, optionally starting from a given one-based index.
POWER
POWER(expr, power)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates a numerical expression raised to the specified power.
RADIANS
RADIANS(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts an angle from degrees to radians.
RANK
RANK()
Function type: Window
Returns the rank with gaps for a row within a window. For example, if two rows tie for rank 1, the next rank is 3.
REGEXP_EXTRACT
REGEXP_EXTRACT(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Applies a regular expression to the string expression and returns the _n_th match.
REGEXP_LIKE
REGEXP_LIKE(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns true or false signifying whether the regular expression finds a match in the string expression.
REGEXP_REPLACE
REGEXP_REPLACE(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Replaces all occurrences of a regular expression in a string expression with a replacement string. The replacement
string may refer to capture groups using $1, $2, etc.
REPEAT
REPEAT(<CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Repeats the string expression an integer number of times.
REPLACE
REPLACE(expr, pattern, replacement)
Function type: Scalar, string
Replaces a pattern with another string in the given expression.
REVERSE
REVERSE(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Reverses the given expression.
RIGHT
RIGHT(expr, [length])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the rightmost number of characters from an expression.
ROUND
ROUND(expr[, digits])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the rounded value for a numerical expression.
ROW_NUMBER
ROW_NUMBER()
Function type: Window
Returns the number of the row within the window starting from 1.
RPAD
RPAD(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the rightmost number of characters from an expression, optionally padded with the given characters.
RTRIM
RTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Trims characters from the trailing end of an expression.
SAFE_DIVIDE
SAFE_DIVIDE(x, y)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns x divided by y, guarded on division by 0.
SIN
SIN(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the trigonometric sine of an angle expressed in radians.
SQRT
SQRT(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the square root of a numeric expression.
STDDEV
STDDEV(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Alias for STDDEV_SAMP.
STDDEV_POP
STDDEV_POP(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the population standard deviation of a set of values.
STDDEV_SAMP
STDDEV_SAMP(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the sample standard deviation of a set of values.
STRING_AGG
STRING_AGG(expr, separator, [size])
Function type: Aggregation
Collects all values of an expression into a single string.
STRING_TO_ARRAY
STRING_TO_ARRAY(str1, str2)
Function type: Array
Splits str1 into an array on the delimiter specified by str2, which is a regular expression.
STRING_FORMAT
STRING_FORMAT(pattern[, args...])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns a string formatted in accordance to Java's String.format method.
STRING_TO_MV
STRING_TO_MV(str1, str2)
Function type: Multi-value string
Splits str1 into an multi-value string on the delimiter specified by str2, which is a regular expression.
STRLEN
STRLEN(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Alias for LENGTH.
STRPOS
STRPOS(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the one-based index position of a substring within an expression.
SUBSTR
SUBSTR(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Alias for SUBSTRING.
SUBSTRING
SUBSTRING(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns a substring of the expression starting at a given one-based index.
SUM
SUM(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the sum of a set of values.
TAN
TAN(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the trigonometric tangent of an angle expressed in radians.
TDIGEST_GENERATE_SKETCH
TDIGEST_GENERATE_SKETCH(expr, [compression])
Function type: Aggregation
Generates a T-digest sketch from values of the specified expression.
TDIGEST_QUANTILE
TDIGEST_QUANTILE(expr, quantileFraction, [compression])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the quantile for the specified fraction from a T-Digest sketch constructed from values of the expression.
TEXTCAT
TEXTCAT(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Concatenates two string expressions.
THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE
THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE(expr)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the distinct count estimate from a Theta sketch.
THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS
THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS(expr, errorBoundsStdDev)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the distinct count estimate and error bounds from a Theta sketch.
THETA_SKETCH_INTERSECT
THETA_SKETCH_INTERSECT([size], expr0, expr1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns an intersection of Theta sketches.
THETA_SKETCH_NOT
THETA_SKETCH_NOT([size], expr0, expr1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a set difference of Theta sketches.
THETA_SKETCH_UNION
THETA_SKETCH_UNION([size], expr0, expr1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a union of Theta sketches.
TIME_CEIL
TIME_CEIL(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, [<origin>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds up a timestamp by a given time period, optionally from some reference time or timezone.
TIME_EXTRACT
TIME_EXTRACT(<TIMESTAMP>, [<unit>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Extracts the value of some unit of the timestamp and returns the number.
TIME_FLOOR
TIME_FLOOR(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, [<origin>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds down a timestamp by a given time period, optionally from some reference time or timezone.
TIME_FORMAT
TIME_FORMAT(<TIMESTAMP>, [<pattern>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Formats a timestamp as a string.
TIME_IN_INTERVAL
TIME_IN_INTERVAL(<TIMESTAMP>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Returns whether a timestamp is contained within a particular interval, formatted as a string.
TIME_PARSE
TIME_PARSE(<string_expr>, [<pattern>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Parses a string into a timestamp.
TIME_SHIFT
TIME_SHIFT(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, <step>, [<timezone>])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Shifts a timestamp forwards or backwards by a given number of time units.
TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS
TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(<TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Returns the number of milliseconds since epoch for the given timestamp.
TIMESTAMPADD
TIMESTAMPADD(<unit>, <count>, <TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Adds a certain amount of time to a given timestamp.
TIMESTAMPDIFF
TIMESTAMPDIFF(<unit>, <TIMESTAMP>, <TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Takes the difference between two timestamps, returning the results in the given units.
TO_JSON_STRING
Function type: JSON
TO_JSON_STRING(expr)
Serializes expr into a JSON string.
TRIM
TRIM([BOTH|LEADING|TRAILING] [<chars> FROM] expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Trims the leading or trailing characters of an expression.
TRUNC
TRUNC(expr[, digits])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Alias for TRUNCATE.
TRUNCATE
TRUNCATE(expr[, digits])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Truncates a numerical expression to a specific number of decimal digits.
TRY_PARSE_JSON
Function type: JSON
TRY_PARSE_JSON(expr)
Parses expr into a COMPLEX<json> object. This operator deserializes JSON values when processing them, translating stringified JSON into a nested structure. If the input is not a VARCHAR or it is invalid JSON, this function will result in a NULL value.
UNNEST
UNNEST(source_expression) as table_alias_name(column_alias_name)
Unnests a source expression that includes arrays into a target column with an aliased name.
For more information, see UNNEST.
UPPER
UPPER(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the expression in uppercase.
VAR_POP
VAR_POP(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the population variance of a set of values.
VAR_SAMP
VAR_SAMP(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the sample variance of a set of values.
VARIANCE
VARIANCE(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Alias for VAR_SAMP.